Tuesday, 6 September 2016

Finding The Real King Arthur part three

SNowdon late Autumn copyright SusanMorrisonJones

Setting the background: -


The Romans are leaving Britain, they have raped her of her Gold, Tin, Coal, Slate, Amethyst and a myriad of other wonderful items and the damned Brits keep fighting back. 

Its cost Rome a small fortune to ‘keep’ Britain. Armies, versus wealth means literally the bank was being broken. Rome recalled its men and they begin to wander off back for a bit more fighting in the Empire and Britain has fewer and fewer Romans around, but over in the Lley Peninsular, things are hotting up. 

Across Britain many tribes had bent the knee to Rome but up in Northern Wales, this wasn't the truth. The Ordvices (Latin name) were a continual pain in the asterisk, alongside various other tribes. All of which have a fair bit of a mention in the Roman Histories of the times. The decisions to fight back, to challenge and to be a real thorn in Roman sides is so much so that there are not all that many signs of an actual villa or the usual Roman remains in any part of North Wales. 

Rome was not getting its own way in the area and for the first 2 centuries of their rule they had continual fighting. The second two centuries things changed dramatically when the Irish Pirates began to attack the peninsula’s (including The Lleyn) placing even more pressure on the Legions.
  
Wales even had its own Emperors at one time Carausius and Allectus. Constantius defeated Allectus and he ruled the West while Diocletian managed the East, possibly Wales was part of Brittania Prima as it held the Gold and precious metals the Romans wanted. All in all, the Roman Empire was disintegrating and Britain was going to become ruler-less and undefended very soon.

 That great Welsh legend the Mabinogian contains a lot of Welsh/Roman names these days but it is fair to say that the straight translated Black Book of Carmarthen and Book of Taliesin from the National Library of Wales, the Book of Aneirin from Cardiff Central Library and the Red Book of Hergest from Jesus College, Oxford. Contain a whole gamut of information.

 Separating the legend and tale from the history is several life time’s work and very clever scholars and professors and the like have spent many years trying to do just that.
  
I feel a tad cheeky throwing my hat into the arena but I am doing what I am doing.... because I am following a trail that has a thousand tributaries and make apologies to the scholars but here comes another little statement.........
  
They are records not necessarily truths but the truths may well be hidden in them.

 Back to the trail again. I’m seeing the old King, the tired Romans, the twitchy Irish Pirates and then I see Caer Fadryn and here, my true trail begins.

 Caer Fadryn is an unusual fort in that its rather well preserved.
 High up on top of the mountain. 
With a view of the surrounding land, over towards the Irish mainland and across the bay. Where Harlech , Barmouth and various other towns and villages now live on the North West Coast of North Wales.
  
It’s a heck of a view and of course it means that the local people, back in those days are able to defend themselves well when the Pirates, Slavers and Romans are in the mood for a quick sortie.

 The walls of this fort are uncommonly high, even now, in modern Wales the forts 2-metre-high walls are visible. The actual fort is built of stone which was unusual for those days as wood was faster, cheaper and easier to build with.
  
This stone forts differences are the beginning of my quest. There is one connection recorded of Arthur's Quoit which is a cromlech (three large stones holding up a larger stone on top), traditional associations are that Arthur the Giant threw the coetan or top stone from Carn Fadrun and his wife took three stones from her apron pocket and popped them underneath it to hold it up.

Highly improbable as a truth but the kernel of that story will always be the mention of Arth name and of course in English not in Cymry.

 The Hill Fort has, as I said earlier 2-metre-high walls and part is built of stone, the archaeological history claims a bronze age well, then a further well, artefacts and building evidence which shows this valuable fort was a place of observation for generations, until we reach Vortigern' time when the fort is in use, manned by a tribe that even the Romans would have nothing to do with, the Gangani.
  
The Gangani are mentioned by Ptolemy in his second century geography as being in the south west of Ireland and that the Gangani promontory was on the Lleyn Peninsular. They were notably big people by all accounts. It isn't unusual for the times that the Romans met up with Celtic tribes having two 'homes' Parisi for example were found in Gaul and in England and several other tribes were the same. The women inherited alongside their equals the men. Children were treasured, the females as much as the males. The women also fought in wars alongside the men. 

Roman historian, Ammianus Marcelinus says: - "A Gallic woman, fighting beside her man, is a match for a whole troop of foreigners. Steely-eyed ... she swells her neck, gnashes her teeth, flexes her huge white biceps, and rain wallops and kicks as though from the twist cords of a catapult.

The Gangani were a proud and warlike tribe with a vast part of the land under their control. They were (as were many Celtic peoples) skilled in the making of swords, their plough was a better one than the Romans, they grew varied forms of vegetables, held Cattle to be a sign of wealth (with 20 names for different colours of the cow they really liked them) wore splendid clothing and...............hang on let me just clear a few things up.

Let’s take a reality check here, I am sick to the back teeth of seeing the media depicting the Celts as members of the great unwashed.
  
For a start the men were fined if their waists exceeded the width of a specific girdle, they were expected to be slender and fit.
  
They used soap before the Romans even thought of the idea.

 They had glorious colours for their clothing which they stitched together with beautifully crafted needles of bronze or bone or iron.
  
They were also very different from tribe to tribe in their looks.

 Virgil says of one tribe that they were tall, blonde lithe and handsome, the women extraordinarily beautiful and occasionally red haired.

 Tactitus describes one tribe as dark swarthy skinned with black curly hair...

 Strabo mentioned something everyone agreed on...they loved colour, checks, stripes, embroidery, and jewellery which they all wore as every day decoration including broaches for their magnificent cloaks.

 Virgil also mentions the Torc the golden circlet worn around 'milk white necks'.

 The women knotted, braided and fashioned their hair and held the design in place with combs, slides and pins highly decorated.
  
They also used a variety of bodily decoration.
  
The men invariably shaved their hair on their heads back to the ear line and when going into battle used lime to spike the remaining hair into ferocious looking spikes.

 They used tattoos, the women used makeup, a red dye for lips, cheeks and nails especially.

 Cloaks were common and tunics and kilts.

 Each tribe had their own pattern and the families where extended.

 No child was refused attention or food.

 Every tribe valued children of both sexes more than the jewellery they wore which infuriated the Romans when they arrived to discover that women could inherit as much as the men. (a practise the Misogynist Romans called barbaric).
  
They worshipped a pantheon of Gods and Goddesses.

 Believed in an afterlife.

Respected the Druid who kept the laws and many other aspects of life.

The Vate who had extra powers and not forgetting the Bard who made the music, the songs and the poetry of the times.
  
They had slaves, they had a Royal line and they had laws that were kept by a system of complexity dealt by the King and his Druid.

 Not exactly what you originally imagine are they, thanks to modern media we, in 2016 have a tendency to visualise sheepskin wearing drudges when in fact the Celtic people of Cymry where a sophisticated and well-dressed peoples.
  
With a way of life which incorporated balance and justice in advance of Roman practises at that time. Something the Romans crushed as fast as possible before their own women got the idea they could inherit anything at all from husband or father.
  
Anyway, like I said earlier, every tributary to this investigation needs acknowledgement to enable my hypothesis to continue and though I am sure it is not easy to follow, it is necessary otherwise statements I make later will not make sense

 Let’s recap, the Celts where a diverse number of separate races.

Joined together in a common bond of understandings.

Wealthy in Gold and similar riches which they personally did not value as much as the strength of the tribe and the family.

They wore bright colours, where very clean, inherited riches and responsibilities equally and travelled extensively up and down their country, which was as big as the 2016 map of Wales and half of the current country known as England...and they loved war.

  

If you want some form of validation of any of my statements concerning the times and the history and the people I will post a full record of them all at the end of this journey.


Finding the Real King Arthur part two

Harlech Castle copyright Susan Morrison Jones


Let’s get back to the trail, Vortigern (he of the falling down castle in the Arthurian Legends.) was a real person, who ruled Wales between AD370 and AD450.

He was a strong King ruling through the might of arms and accredited to his ‘holdings’ of at least 23 known sites, often named Caers (cities or forts). Placed in Carlisle and right down through Hereford and Wiltshire and Stonehenge.

His Caers were manned by his armies and he was a man not to be trifled with. He was in a manner of speaking, an ‘over King’ because lots of little ‘kingdoms’ existed with petty Princes and political game playing was almost part of the entertainment. Who did what, when and how and why, the Bards (also Druids) had many a song to sing and did.

The songs were records of events, often praising people, sometimes ridiculing them. Many people were afraid of becoming immortalised in a Druid/ Bards song, for fear of being ridiculed or their private embarrassing events becoming ‘songs for the people’.

Though being made a hero was something all would enjoy if the Druid favoured you and sang your praise you knew the whole of Wales would soon know of you.

Up in what is now Cumbria is the Kingdom of Egremont (sound familiar?) down in Cornwall is Tintagel (another familiar), various place names and Caers and Castra become familiar as we wander through the ages and the places looking for clues.

Vortigern is of course the English name for him, his true Welsh name is possibly Uuertigernu, yes a right mouth full, said oo-ert-eh-ger-nhoo, and all too easily assimilated into an English version when you discover that another twist of the name is Wyrtgeorn and of course Vertigernas (Latin possibly).

You can blame Gildas for one and Isidore of Seville for the former and no one is ‘ever’ going to discover a massive tomb of new writing of the times because it was the Romans who wrote history. Of course to their own benefit. The Welsh rarely wrote anything because the Druids remembered it all for them.

Have a look in the Appendices if anyone wants the origins of this stuff, but basically the Welsh name has been virtually lost. Poor old Vortigern has been given the dubious accreditation for inviting the Anglo Saxons to come on over and join the feast. Its recorded historically they also enjoyed the women, the land and stayed, setting up war for a few centuries and ultimately the removal of the Roman usurpers.

But I am looking for Arthur and this pile of information is just setting the scene so to speak.


Vortigern had a nickname thanks to Gildas but he took it from Roman records the name was Superbus Tyrannus which dependent on translation preferences is either Arrogant Despot or variations thereof.

Vortigern has out manoeuvred the Romans a time or two, he’s a monumental pain in the Roman backside at the time I am focussing on, because the Welsh love a strong King and Vortigern has a lot of followers, a great many.

So it isn’t unusual to find the man is castigated, ridiculed and scorned by the Romans or for that matter Gilda’s has a go at him later in history. Because of course Vortigern isn’t giving up Wales without some sort of fight.


He is going to be a thorn in the metaphorical side of a few people before I manage to wade through the real records and the legends.... mine included!

Finding The Real King Arthur part one.

Copyright Susan Morrison Jones
Finding The Real King Arthur



So let’s start with a truth, that way no one is under any illusions, misconceptions or hoping I discover a vast hoard of treasure that they can sometime visit sunny Wales and see...........

Arthur Pendragon is a myth, a total and absolute made up for the general public myth. I’m making this statement knowing full well it will rile every legend loving man, woman and child into grinding their teeth with denial but it is a truth. Arthur never existed, Pendragon? a made up English word, never existed until writers got hold of some mixed up stories and made a nice tale out of it. A whole industry of media hyped entertainment has followed for centuries and it’s just not true.

Welcome aboard fellow sleuthses ? sleuths’? sleuthers? well anyhow...come with me, let me introduce you to a little fort in the middle of the mountains, it’s a really interesting little place and where my story really starts off..........hot on the trail


The REAL Arthur Pendragon however, I can’t even prove...YET, but I can make a damned good try at changing a few minds, maybe cause an historian to rethink, and possibly find my hero.

The son of a King, a true hero, a giant of a man whose energy, exploits and heroism have become veiled by the mists of time and the arrogance of the English speaking world.

This is my personal view, one I have come to through a variety of paths but it is truth and not legend, provable facts and hopeful explanations.

All my own work and so totally absorbing that I am guilty of having whiled away a lot of hours just tracking and trailing the story line through so many twists and turns I believe I have become a detective, and I hope, a good one at that. This was the original quest which brought me to The Last Great Adventure and remains part of its foundations, as I travel around the country I will research the myth and legend of each locale in an effort to discover the truth.


Let me introduce you to my Hero, The Real King Arthur............he lived in the North of what is now Wales and he was a giant amongst men. He was brought up on the Lleyn Peninsular near the Snowdonia mountain range. So huge was he in size that his nick name was ‘The Bear’ and the Welsh name for bear is Y Arth pronounced ‘ee Arth’. A man amongst men; in a country that stretched from what in 2016 is known as Carlisle on the borders of Scotland to the very southernmost part of England named Cornwall.

The Welsh country included Wales (as it is) and half the of what is now England and was held strongly by the then current King Vortigern against the might of the Saxon and Viking invasions.
Rome was invading, the Welsh Gold, the Coal and the many other riches of this lush country were begging to be ripped off by the invading greedy forces of the known (then) world. It was a harsh job to rule a country and so a harsh leadership begat harsh men. Vortigern was wily, cruel by modern standards and strong, very strong for the times.

 There are other names for my hero one is Arth (bear) and Aur(gold) but either way, Arth is who he is...a hero in the making.

Arth is the son of a Prince Eurthur pronounced ‘oothur’ which name means he is perceived to be the son of a god, much like the Egyptians claimed their Pharaoh descended from gods, so too did the people of that times liken their Princes and Kings as descended from a divine order.

Arth is a big strong lad, he is trained as a prince of his times, so he has arms, a sword and a shield, perhaps even some armour. But we are talking Wales, during the Roman invasion and occupation. Sheep skin and leather is more the fashion of the day than metal plates. Though influences will have happened and some armour is probable. Horses are not part of daily life, though goats are used for transport as well as milk, making parchment and goatskins to keep off the ever present rain.

Arth is living in a part of Wales where the old mountain range known as the Dragons Bones lies. These days we use the English word Snowdon for the King mountain but in those days the old grey mountain was named Y Wyddfa (ee withvah) in English that is The Tumulus and in Welsh it means ‘grave mound’ it is a description of a pile of stones placed in a pyramid style over a grave of importance. And before it was Wyddfa it was probably simply known as Merthyr (a burial place 'merthearr') or maybe Garth which is part of several mountain names or as some would have it ‘the place where eagles live’ which is simply Eryrod Nyth( earodt nith) the eagles nest...whatever it was known as its current name is Snowdon and in those times it was Wyddfa,

 I’m getting distracted with trying to sort out Welsh and English so I shall just take a short pause and make a little statement guaranteed to add to the earlier hackle rising elements of statements made about Arthur not existing.
NB: until the 1 Century AD  Wales was a strong language and is a member of the Brythonic branch of the Celtic languages spoken natively in Wales.
Historically it has also been known in English as "the British tongue", "Cambrian", "Cambric" and “Cymric".
From the Roman invasion onwards the Welsh language becomes infiltrated by other languages, mixed with them and with a high probability that when someone ‘not welsh’ couldn’t actually pronounce the word they hear...they used the word nearest to its sounds in their own language...because that’s what ordinary humans do.

Language experts where around to translate, an example is the word for sea Mor in Welsh, to the French and Italian Mer is sea, not much difference really but add the accents of all those countries and have one or the other pointing at the sea...and bingo! Understanding washes over faces and Mer becomes Mor or vice versa, but the Welsh language has absorbed other countries words and used and created from them for centuries, it is not, as some would have it, a dead language.

Oh and just to add a bit more coal to the fires it isn’t ‘welsh’ its Cymraeg (kimraig) and it isn’t ‘Wales’ either, its Cymry (Kumree or Kumrye) but I am digressing again.
(I do that a lot so if you get bored easily I’d toddle off and read something else if I were you)

A lot of the records we do have of Wales and of the times I am describing had a real problem with language and recording it.

Here is a quote from the Battle of Abbey Rolls: -

Men wrote their names when they could write at all in any way that occurred to them at the moment, for there was neither rule nor precedent to guide them. Mr. Henry Drummond, in his ' Noble British Families,' quotes eighteen different ways of spelling Nevill that he had met with in deeds and records;

Nash, in his * History of Worcestershire,' gives us twenty-three versions of Percy : and this uncertainty, if we are to judge by the example of Shakespeare, still continued in the sixteenth century.
V and F, S and C, C and G, G and W, V and W, W and M, are also used indiscriminately to produce the same sound. Nor should we fail to remember how easy it is to confound one letter with another in the old black letter character.

The u and n are there as undistinguishable as they are in the " running hand " of our own times.

Sir Francis Palgrave mentions " the strange tricks produced by the ambiguity of the form of the n and the u in ancient manuscripts.

The name of Septvans or Septvaus affords a curious example of the fact, that in the black letter days, the old scribes could not always be certain of their own writing." (See Vauville, vol. iii., p. 239.)

The distinctions between them in the printed lists, given, as they must be, by guesswork, are very generally wrong.

Further, the w easily merges into m j the s, so unlike an / in our modern print, becomes its twin sister as the black letter T, and is several times given for it I might easily multiply these instances of confusion.


All I am really saying in a very long winded way...is keep an open mind! I have this in mind as I develop my hypothesis: -